Fig. 4
Immunofluorescence visualization of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in malignant cell lines after EP +/- Ca2+ application. LoVo (sensitive human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line), and LoVo Dx (doxorubicin-resistant human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line) treated with 2 mM of calcium ions and electroporation (1.2 kV/cm, 8 pulses, 100 us, 1 Hz; 37.5 kV/cm and 50 kV/cm, 200 pulses 10 ns, 10 Hz). Right panel: graphs present HSP27 signal intensity for each tested parameter 24 and 72 h after therapy; n = 4–5. Left panel: CLSM images of HSP27 signal changes (green) visualized 24 h after CaEP application; 20 μm; 60.0X oil immersion objective; NA: 1.35. n ≤ 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, NS-not significant (comparison to control)