Fig. 6

Methyglyoxal (MGO) facilitated MAPK activation and enhanced inflammation in mice. (A, B) The expressed levels of p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-JNK, JNK, p-p38, p38, Iba-1, p-IκB, IκB, p-NF-κB, NF-κB, and GAPDH by western blotting assay. Densitometry graph of each band. (C) The secreted levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines in the plasma by ELISA assay kit. All data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3–6). ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, and ^###p < 0.001 vs. control group (CON). CON, control group. MGO, 65 mg/kg of MGO rectal injection group