Fig. 2

Methylglyoxal (MGO) facilitated hippocampal cell loss and lowered the long-term potential (LTP) activity. (A) Histological staining of brain sections in dentate gyrus (DG), cornu ammonis 3 (CA3), and cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) regions of hippocampus (HP). Scale bar: 50–100 μm. The number of cells in the DG, CA3, and CA1 regions from selected fields per image. The values were calculated using ImageJ software. The values presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). (B) LTP from all recordings in the CON, MGO-, and CNQX-treated hippocampus. The fEPSP total activity from 30 to 40 min after TBS in the CON, MGO-, and CNQX-treated hippocampus (n = 3). Control, treated with nothing after 10 min of the baseline; MGO, treated with 5 and 100 µM of MGO after 10 min of the baseline; CNQX, treated with 10 µM of CNQX after 10 min of the baseline. ^#p < 0.01 vs. control group (CON)